Digital Forensics
It’s semester 2 2023 and time for my final subject in the UNSW Cyber Security Masters course, digtital forensics run by Seth Enoka. I got to venture deep into Windows internals, including core Windows memory structures, subsystems such as prefetch and shimcache, NTFS file system internals and mechanicsm including MFT analysis and much more. All this analysis was conducting using the following Linux analysis tools: Tools Tools Description Yara A pattern-matching tool used in malware research and forensic analysis to identify and classify files based on defined rules and signatures. Volatility 2 & 3 Open-source memory forensics frameworks used to extract and analyze digital artifacts from volatile memory (RAM) in a memory dump to investigate cyber incidents and malware. Volatility USNParser Plugin A Volatility plugin specifically designed to parse and extract information from the USN journal on Windows systems, aiding in file activity analysis. SCCA Tools SCCA (Source Code Control System Analysis) Tools assist in examining version control system repositories to identify code changes, contributors, and track project history. ESEDB Tools These tools provide access to Extensible Storage Engine (ESE) Database files, commonly used in Windows applications, for analysis and recovery purposes. analyzeMFT A tool used in digital forensics to parse and analyze the Master File Table (MFT) entries from NTFS filesystems, revealing information about files and directories. Oletools A collection of Python-based tools for analyzing and extracting data from OLE (Object Linking and Embedding) files, such as Microsoft Office documents, often used in malware analysis. Wireshark A widely-used network protocol analyzer that captures and inspects data packets on a network, helping with network troubleshooting, security analysis, and protocol reverse engineering. The Sleuth Kit (TSK) An open-source digital forensic toolkit that includes various CLI tools (mmls, fls, icat) for file system analysis and data recovery from different operating systems. Plaso An open-source Python-based tool used for super timeline creation and log analysis, helping to reconstruct events and activities from various data sources for forensic investigations. Advanced Forensics Format Library (afflib) Tools Tools for working with the Advanced Forensics Format (AFF), an extensible open file format used in computer forensics to store disk images and related metadata. wxHexEditor A hexadecimal editor with a graphical user interface, used for low-level data inspection and editing in forensic analysis and reverse engineering. Gnumeric A spreadsheet application, similar to Microsoft Excel, used for data analysis and visualization, including data manipulation and statistical functions. Personal Folder File Tools (pfftools) Tools designed to work with Personal Folder File (PFF) formats, commonly used by Microsoft Outlook to store emails, calendars, and other personal data. These tools aid in email forensics and analysis. Resources Windows shellbags 8 timestamps on an NTFS file system, an attacker can fairly easily mutate 4 of them, hard to convincingly adjust nano-second level Eric Zimmermans Windows Forensics Tools SANS Hunt Evil Poster Knowing what’s normal on a Windows host helps cut through the noise to quickly locate potential malware. Use this information as a reference to know what’s normal in Windows and to focus your attention on the outliers. MITRE ATT&CK MITRE ATT&CK for ICS Cyber Kill Chain Industrial Cyber Kill Chain Locard’s Exchange Principle NIST Guide to Forensics in Incident Response Dragos Threat Groups Crowdstrike Adversary Groups Diamond Model for Intrusion Analysis The Four Types of Threat Detection Volatility v2.4 cheat sheet Module 0 - Intro Locards Principle (Edmond Locard aka Sherlock Holmes of France) ...