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Some fun I hacking on a boot to root challenge I did with a mate recently. Enumeration OS Fingerprint root@kali:~/boot2root# nmap -O 192.168.0.102 Starting Nmap 7.60 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2018-07-26 22:44 EDT Nmap scan report for 192.168.0.102 Host is up (0.00022s latency). Not shown: 986 closed ports PORT STATE SERVICE 21/tcp open ftp 80/tcp open http 135/tcp open msrpc 139/tcp open netbios-ssn 445/tcp open microsoft-ds 3389/tcp open ms-wbt-server 8009/tcp open ajp13 8080/tcp open http-proxy 49152/tcp open unknown 49153/tcp open unknown 49154/tcp open unknown 49155/tcp open unknown 49156/tcp open unknown 49157/tcp open unknown MAC Address: 00:50:56:A3:B7:92 (VMware) Device type: general purpose Running: Microsoft Windows 2008|Vista|7 OS CPE: cpe:/o:microsoft:windows_server_2008:r2:sp1 cpe:/o:microsoft:windows_vista::sp1:home_premium cpe:/o:microsoft:windows_7 OS details: Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1, Microsoft Windows Vista Home Premium SP1, Windows 7, or Windows Server 2008 Network Distance: 1 hop OS detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at https://nmap.org/submit/ . Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 66.26 seconds A Windows box, running a bunch of services like ftp, two http servers, smb and ajp. ...

Intro Containers, and specifically Docker are attracting a crazy amount of industry attention, particularly, I’m finding the software dev space. Slide 1 OK, just quickly what is Docker. Docker is a computer program that performs operating-system-level virtualization also known as containerization. Docker is used to run software packages called “containers”. “Build once, configure once, and run anywhere.” Slide 2 In a containerised world, the container becomes the standard unit of management and deployment. Containers provide a safe and consistent space for processes to run in. A container for example, could contain an Apache web server and all the dependencies it requires. Containers can in theory run all sorts of workloads…webapps, database servers, desktop processes. ...

Awesome tip #1: In metasploit console (msfconsole), once you have loaded up an exploit, take show payloads for a spin. This will show all payloads that are compatible with the given exploit. Awesome! Today we got the chance to work on Metasploitable 3, a Windows VM with a number of vunerability and flags (15ish of them). Its a great way to take this knowledge and apply it to an actual machine. I wont detail a full walkthrough, as there are already plenty, and I don’t want to ruin the learning experience. ...

Privilege Escalation. Basics On Windows, SYSTEM is the highest privilege possible. Local Administrators can effectively get SYSTEM privileges. On Linux, root (uid=0) is the highest privilege possible. Regular users can escalate to root privileges on demand (i.e. sudo). Techniques Kernel exploits - leverage a flaw in the OS. Vunerabilty is determined by researching kernel version, patch levels. Tend to be patched quickly. High privileged programs - get a program running at a higher privilege to execute your code. Often things are unnessarily run with high privileges for convenience sake. For example, JBoss running on TomCat, running as root. Deploy a WAR to JBoss with an embedded reverse shell. Credential theft - leverage techniques to compromise a user with higher privileges. The primary method of lateral movement within organisations. Dumping of hashes, such as responder, SCF files on writab shares, UNC requests (when a user attempts to \\server an auth request is sent and can be captured), network sniffing. Password reuse. SCF to steal credentials. Insecure configurations - abuse incorrectly services or programs. Service paths with whitespace is a great example e.g. C:\anti-virus\virus definition\bin\update.exe, Windows path probing will attempt to find and run C:\anti-virus\virus.exe. On Linux in the /etc/shadow file, the prefix e.g. $6 indicates the hash function and salt, for example, this entry: ...

Exploitation An exploit is some software which leverages a vunerability to perform an action. Important to differientiate the payload from the exploit. A payload is something executed via an exploit. Finding Exploits Exploit DB Google SearchSploit - a local mirror of exploit-db; useful for local cached copies. For example CVE-2008-4250, maybe assigned different vendor specific labels. In this case MSE08-067, by searching Google and heading to the Microsoft security bullitin: ...

Covers basics starting with enumeration. There is a process to exposing vunerabilities. Not a linear process. Imposter syndrome is huge in this field, due to the complexity of the field, and how many domains it covers. The anatomy of a hack (EEE); Enumeration, Exploitation, Escalation There are multiple ways to do one thing, for example to figure out if the sshd daemon is running you could: Check if port 22 is listening netstat -tlp Check if the sshd process is running Try to ssh connect to the daemon List the running services through systemd Tools Tools to grok: ...

Recently I’ve had the opportunity to dig into Apache Spark, thanks to some training from Brian Bloechle from Cloudera. What is spark? Fast, flexible, and developer friendly, Apache Spark is the leading platform for large scale SQL, batch processing, stream processing, and machine learning. Java, Scala, Python and R are first class citizens when its comes to consuming the various Spark API’s. I’ll cover PySpark in more detail. Spark is an agnostic processing engine, that can target a number of cluster managers including Spark Standalone, Hadoop’s YARN, Apache Mesos and Kubernetes. In the context of Spark, some useful surrounding ecosystem to be aware of: ...

Installation on Linux is well documented. wget https://www.scootersoftware.com/bcompare-4.2.4.22795.x86_64.rpm su rpm --import https://www.scootersoftware.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-scootersoftware yum install bcompare-4.2.4.22795.x86_64.rpm On my Fedora 27 box, I found the launcher bash /usr/bin/bcompare exits with a return code of 1, if the linker cannot resolve all dependencies. BC_LIB=/usr/lib64/beyondcompare export BC_LIB EXEC=$BC_LIB/BCompare #check to see if we have all of the shared libraries. CHECK=`ldd $EXEC | grep "not found" | wc -l` if [ "$CHECK" -ne "0" ]; then echo Some Shared Libraries were not found ldd $EXEC exit 1 fi Dumping out the shared libs BCompare depends on: ...

Hey there, these are some of my notes about IRC in general, and the CLI client irssi. IRC Primer Internet Relay Chat (IRC) is an open protocol that uses TCP and optionally TLS. IRC was born in August 1988, by Jarkko Oikarinen at the University of Oulu in Finland. Years later, in 1993, was standardised as RFC 1459. Assigned port 194/TCP by IANA, however in practice most use 6667/TCP, and nearby ports (6660-6669, 7000). ...

I’m a convert. This conference was incredible, with passionate presenters, excellent content with an amazing inclusive and friendly community vibe. Most sessions are available on YouTube. Things I am inspired to do post LCA 2018: Setup ctags with Vim. Think ‘go to definition’ for Vim, with support for 40+ langs. Specifically Exuberant Ctags and unite-tag. Play with more kernel syscalls (like ptrace). Signal processing and logic analyser lab and kit. More notes. Resume the nand2tetris journey, part 2. Use IRC more. Some CLI options Irssi BitchX WeeChat. And keybase. Imagine a Slack for the whole world, except end-to-end encrypted across all your devices. Or a Team Dropbox where the server can’t leak your files or be hacked. Always support and subscribe to lwn.net. Look into supporting the Software Conservancy Foundation (SCF) Pick up some new langs; go and rust seem to be current shiny. I met a number of kernel developers. Find out a bit more about what they do through the offical MAINTAINERS file. Yubikey or Nitrokey, start using. Open source physical USB device to enable secure encryption and signing of data. The secret keys are always stored inside the Nitrokey which protects against malware (such as computer viruses) and attackers. A user-chosen PIN and a tamper-proof smart card protect the Nitrokey in case of loss and theft. Linux Device Drivers book now maintained by Jonathan Corbet (executive editor at lwn.net), start reading, and create drivers, the gateway drug to the kernel. Time to refresh handle, bio, and CV. Checkout TaskWarrior, a CLI for managing tasks. Consider using more compact unique IDs such as Twitters snowflake e.g. 12738165059 Use more state machines. Study The Architecture of Open Source Applications. Some of the sessions I got to attend. ...